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<title>Isometric exercise device</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Isometric exercise device</span></span>

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<p>An <b>isometric exercise device</b> is a device used to exercise most body parts including the <a href="Wrist" title="Wrist">wrist</a> and is often used as part of <a href="Physical_therapy" title="Physical therapy">physical therapy</a> or in order to build muscle strength in a low impact manner. Devices can range in size from large bulky machines used by physicians to small hand-held devices that can be used by an individual. Isometric devices have been used for centuries. The first devices did not display the users' output; nowadays there are devices that can digitally output the users force. Before that some devices used an analog format.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2></div>

<p><a href="Isometric_exercise" title="Isometric exercise">Isometric exercise</a> devices perform exercises or strength test using static contraction of a muscle without any visible movement in the angle of the joint. This is reflected in the name; the term "isometric" combines the prefix "iso" (same) with "metric" (distance), meaning that in these exercises the length of the muscle does not change,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as compared to <i>isotonic contractions</i> ("tonos" means "tension" in Greek) in which the contraction strength does not change but the joint angle does. New isometric exercise devices often used force gauges and a micro processor and then output the force onto an LCD screen or store the information later to be downloaded onto a computer.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_uses">Medical uses</h2></div>

<p>Isometric exercises can also be used at the bedside to differentiate various <a href="Heart_murmur" title="Heart murmur">heart murmurs</a>; the murmur of <a href="Mitral_regurgitation" title="Mitral regurgitation">mitral regurgitation</a> gets louder<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as compared to the quieter murmur of <a href="Aortic_stenosis" title="Aortic stenosis">aortic stenosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_with_dynamic_exercises">Comparison with dynamic exercises</h2></div>

<p>Isometric exercises have some differences in training effect as compared to dynamic exercises. While isometric training increases strength at the specific joint angles of the exercises performed and additional joint angles to a lesser extent, dynamic exercises increase strength throughout the full <a href="Range_of_motion" title="Range of motion">range of motion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Generally speaking however, people who train isometrically don't train through a full range of motion as the strength gained at the training joint angle is where they require it. While dynamic exercises are slightly better than isometric exercises at enhancing the twitch force of a muscle, isometrics are significantly better than dynamic exercises at increasing maximal strength at the joint angle.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

Flexibility may be increased when isometrics are performed at joint range of motion extremes. These isometric contractions recruit muscle fibers that are often neglected in some dynamic exercises. For example, gymnasts are extremely strong at great ranges of motion through the practice of isometric holds.

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<ul><li><a href="Dynamic_tension" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamic tension">Dynamic tension</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sport-fitness-advisor.com/isometric-exercises.html">Article on static strength training</a></span>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFChing" class="citation web cs1">Ching, W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081217153301/http://pediatrics.uchicago.edu/chiefs/ClinicCurriculum/documents/WCEvaluationofMurmursintheClinicSetting.pdf">"Evaluation of Cardiac Murmurs in the Clinic Setting"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. University of Chicago. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pediatrics.uchicago.edu/chiefs/ClinicCurriculum/documents/WCEvaluationofMurmursintheClinicSetting.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2008-12-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-01-10</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCassidyAronowPrakash1975" class="citation journal cs1">Cassidy J, Aronow WS, Prakash R (1975). "The effect of isometric exercise on the systolic murmur of patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis". <i>Chest</i>. <b>67</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">395–</span>7. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1378%2Fchest.67.4.395">10.1378/chest.67.4.395</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1168115">1168115</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLindh_M1979" class="citation journal cs1">Lindh M (1979). "Increase of muscle strength from isometric quadriceps exercises at different knee angles". <i>Scand J Rehabil Med</i>. <b>11</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">33–</span>6. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/419396">419396</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDuchateauHainaut1984" class="citation journal cs1">Duchateau J, Hainaut K (1984). "Isometric or dynamic training: differential effects on mechanical properties of a human muscle". <i>Journal of Applied Physiology</i>. <b>56</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">296–</span>301. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1152%2Fjappl.1984.56.2.296">10.1152/jappl.1984.56.2.296</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6706740">6706740</a>.</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100105195543/http://www.sandowplus.co.uk/Competition/Zass/zassintro.htm">Public domain pamphlets on isometric exercises</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isometric-exercises.com/index.html">Isometric exercises tutorial</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100105195543/http://www.sandowplus.co.uk/Competition/Zass/zassintro.htm">Alexander Zass</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jymfit.com">Example of an isometric exercise device</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Physiology_of_muscles42" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Physiology of <a href="Muscle" title="Muscle">muscles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Exertion" title="Exertion">Exertion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Physical_exercise" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical exercise">Exercise</a></li>

<li><a href="Motion_(physics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion (physics)">Movement</a>

<ul><li><a href="Eye_movement" title="Eye movement">Eye movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Animal_locomotion" title="Animal locomotion">Locomotion</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hand_strength" title="Hand strength">Hand strength</a></li>

<li><a href="Muscle_tone" title="Muscle tone">Muscle tone</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Muscle_contraction" title="Muscle contraction">Muscle contraction</a>

<ul><li><a href="Isometric_exercise" title="Isometric exercise">Isometric</a></li>

<li><a href="Isotonic_(exercise_physiology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotonic (exercise physiology)">Isotonic</a></li>

<li><a href="Uterine_contraction" title="Uterine contraction">Uterine contraction</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="End-plate_potential" title="End-plate potential">End-plate potential</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Myogenesis" title="Myogenesis">Myogenesis</a></li></ul>

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